The Post-Keynesian methodology emphasising uncertainty is indispensable to analysing and understanding the major challenges of the 21st Century. On that basis, this book focuses on the failures of the market economic system to secure stability and sustainability, and demonstrates why this is not recognised by conventional economic theory. The Post-Keynesian economics set out here aims for an understanding of the economy as a whole and as an integral part of society. Chapters analysing money, banks and finance as dynamic phenomena open the book. They are followed by chapters focusing on methodological issues such as uncertainty, longer-term aspects, sustainability and other non-monetary economic activities. This important book is a useful tool for students and researchers who wish to gain a better understanding of real world economics. In these areas where conventional macroeconomic theory may not be sufficient, this book offers viable post-Keynesian alternatives. Contributors include: A. Asensio, V. Chick, S. Dow, A. Freeman, J. Ghosh, C. Goodhart, P. Hawkins, J. Jespersen, M.O. Madsen, R. McMaster, C.J. Rodriguez-Fuentes, R. Rotheim, S. Sen, R. Studart, B. Tieben, G. Tily

Contents:
1. Arestis, Desai and Dow On Chick's Life as an Academic
2. Claudio Sardoni On the Microeconomic Foundations of Macroeconomics: a Keynesian Perspective
3. Meghnad Desai The Nature of Equilibrium in Keynes's General Theory
4. Maria Cristina Marcuzzo From the Fundamental Equations to Effective Demand: 'Natural Evolution' or 'Change of View'?
5. Alexander C. Dow and Sheila C. Dow The Relevance of Historical Experience for Economics
6. Geoffrey M. Hodgson General Theorising versus Historical Specificity: a Problem for Post Keynesians
7. Roy J. Rotheim Timeful Theories, Timeful Theorists
8. Tony Lawson Mathematical Formalism in Economics: What Really is the Problem?
9. Jan Toporowski Mathematics as Natural Law: an Epistemological Critique of Formalism in Economics
10. Giuseppe Fontana and Bill Gerrard The Encompassing Principle as an Emerging Methodology for Post Keynesian Economics
11. Athol Fitzgibbons A Note on Non-Walrasian Macroeconomics
12. Suzanne W. Helburn Marshall and Keynes on Rational (Ethical) Economic Man
13. B. J. Loasby Cognition and Co-ordination
14. Donald Gillies and Grazia Ietto-Gillies Keynes's Notion of Causa Causans and its Application to the Globalization Process
15. Fabiana Santos and Marco Crocco Technology and the Need for an Aternative View of the Firm in Post Keynesian Theory
16. Ian Steedman Consumer Beliefs and a Possible Welfare 'Gain' from Monopoly
17. David Pearce The Political Economy of Economic growth and Environmental Protection
18. Carmen Aparecida Feijo Firms and Banks Interacting in a Monetary Production Economy
19. Adriana M. Amado The Regional Impact of the Internationalization of the Financial System: the Case of Mercosul
20. Jochen Runde Assessing Credit Worthiness and Small-Firm Bank Lending
21. P. A. Riach and J. Rich Women's Work or Work for Women?
22. Victoria Chick's Publications

Joan Robinson (1903-1983) was one of the greatest economists of the twentieth century and a fearless critic of free-market capitalism. A major figure in the controversial 'Cambridge School' of economics in the post-war period, she made fundamental contributions to the economics of international trade and development. In Economic Philosophy Robinson looks behind the curtain of economics to reveal a constant battle between economics as a science and economics as ideology, which she argued was integral to economics. In her customary vivid and pellucid style, she criticizes early economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and neo-classical economists Alfred Marshall, Stanley Jevons and Leon Walras, over the question of value. She shows that what they respectively considered to be the generators of value - labour-time, marginal utility or preferences - are not scientific but 'metaphysical', and that it is frequently in ideology, not science, that we find the reason for the rejection of economic theories. She also weighs up the implications of the Keynesian revolution in economics, particularly whether Keynes's theories are applicable to developing economies. Robinson concludes with a prophetic lesson that resonates in today's turbulent and unequal economy: that the task of the economist is to combat the idea that the only values that count are those that can be measured in terms of money. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Sheila Dow.

This book is devoted to examining the lasting impact of The General Theory and Keynes?'s thought on macroeconomic theory, methodology and its relevance for understanding the financial and economic challenges of the 21st Century. A number of contributions take their departure from Keynes?'s presentation during the 1930s of his new macroeconomic understanding and its policy implications. The book also discusses pluralistic views of Keynes?'s ideas and their importance for contemporary debates. The General Theory and Keynes for the 21st Century develops the analysis of money and banking, and the intertwined relationship between financial and real-world activities throughout. It demonstrates how vital Keynes?s work is to understanding the failure of the globalised financial system as well as pointing to an alternative way forward. The broad scope and richness of the contributions are reminders of how most books severely misrepresent The General Theory and therefore fail to act as a guide to 21st Century policy. As such, this book is a necessary tool for scholars, researchers and advanced students of economics, as well as policy makers who wish to create a more just society in the face of the current deregulated global market economy. Contributors include: G.M. Ambrosi, A.M. Carabelli, M.A. Cedrini, V. Chick, T. Congdon, A. Denis, R. Desai, S. Dow, G.C. Harcourt, M.G. Hayes, J. Jespersen, P. Kriesler, H.D. Kurz, M.C. Marcuzzo, J.W. Nevile, R. Skidelsky, T.D. Togati, A. Vercelli

This volume, along with its companion volume, Methodology, Microeconomics and Keynes is published in honour of Victoria Chick, inspired by her own contributions to knowledge in all of these areas and their interconnections. It represents both consolidation and the breaking of new ground in Keynesian monetary theory and macroeconomics by leading figures in these fields.

Economics has developed into one of the most specialised social sciences. Yet at the same time, it shares its subject matter with other social sciences and humanities and its method of analysis has developed in close correspondence with the natural and life sciences. This book offers an up to date assessment of economics in relation to other disciplines.

This edited collection explores fields as diverse as mathematics, physics, biology, medicine, sociology, architecture, and literature, drawing from selected contributions to the 2005 Annual Conference of the European Society for the History of Economic Thought (ESHET). There is currently much discussion at the leading edges of modern economics about openness to other disciplines, such as psychology and sociology. But what we see here is that economics has drawn on (as well as contributed to) other disciplines throughout its history. In this sense, in spite of the increasing specialisation within all disciplines, economics has always been an open discipline and the chapters in this volume provide a vivid illustration for this.

Open Economics is a testament to the intellectual vibrancy of historical research in economics. It presents the reader with a historical introduction to the disciplinary context of economics that is the first of its kind, and will appeal to practising economists and students of the discipline alike, as well as to anybody interested in economics and its position in the scientific and social scientific landscape.

Modern economics has, at its foundation, scholarly contributions from many prominent Scottish thinkers. This revealing work examines the roots of this great tradition, places in perspective a selection of authors, and assesses their contribution over three centuries in the light of a distinctive Scottish approach to economics.
Scottish Enlightenment is an established area of research interest, and this volume offers new scholarship on key Enlightenment figures whilst placing emphasis on their approach to economic thought. Smith and Hume are key, but other less familiar, yet important authors are also investigated here, including a murderer, a revolutionary, a medical practitioner and a novelist (John Law, Sir James Stuart, John Rae and Shield Nicholson, respectively).
The latest in a prestigious series charting national traditions in the history of economic thought, this important book, an essential read for scholars of economic thought, features contributions from such major historians of economic thought as Andrew Skinner and Antoin Murphy.

Joan Robinson (1903-1983) was one of the greatest economists of the twentieth century and a fearless critic of free-market capitalism. A major figure in the controversial 'Cambridge School' of economics in the post-war period, she made fundamental contributions to the economics of international trade and development. In Economic Philosophy Robinson looks behind the curtain of economics to reveal a constant battle between economics as a science and economics as ideology, which she argued was integral to economics. In her customary vivid and pellucid style, she criticizes early economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and neo-classical economists Alfred Marshall, Stanley Jevons and Leon Walras, over the question of value. She shows that what they respectively considered to be the generators of value - labour-time, marginal utility or preferences - are not scientific but 'metaphysical', and that it is frequently in ideology, not science, that we find the reason for the rejection of economic theories. She also weighs up the implications of the Keynesian revolution in economics, particularly whether Keynes's theories are applicable to developing economies. Robinson concludes with a prophetic lesson that resonates in today's turbulent and unequal economy: that the task of the economist is to combat the idea that the only values that count are those that can be measured in terms of money. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Sheila Dow.

This volume, along with its companion volume, Methodology, Microeconomics and Keynes is published in honour of Victoria Chick, inspired by her own contributions to knowledge in all of these areas and their interconnections. It represents both consolidation and the breaking of new ground in Keynesian monetary theory and macroeconomics by leading figures in these fields.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203467477

This volume, a companion to Money, Macroeconomics and Keynes, represents both consolidation and the breaking of new ground in Keynesian methodology and microeconomics by leading figures in these fields.

Economics has developed into one of the most specialised social sciences. Yet at the same time, it shares its subject matter with other social sciences and humanities and its method of analysis has developed in close correspondence with the natural and life sciences. This book offers an up to date assessment of economics in relation to other disciplines. This edited collection explores fields as diverse as mathematics, physics, biology, medicine, sociology, architecture, and literature, drawing from selected contributions to the 2005 Annual Conference of the European Society for the History of Economic Thought (ESHET). There is currently much discussion at the leading edges of modern economics about openness to other disciplines, such as psychology and sociology. But what we see here is that economics has drawn on (as well as contributed to) other disciplines throughout its history. In this sense, in spite of the increasing specialisation within all disciplines, economics has always been an open discipline and the chapters in this volume provide a vivid illustration for this. Open Economics is a testament to the intellectual vibrancy of historical research in economics. It presents the reader with a historical introduction to the disciplinary context of economics that is the first of its kind, and will appeal to practising economists and students of the discipline alike, as well as to anybody interested in economics and its position in the scientific and social scientific landscape.

Modern economics has at its foundation scholarly contributions from many prominent Scottish thinkers. "The History of Scottish Economic Thought "examines the roots of this great tradition, places in perspective a selection of authors and assesses their contribution over three centuries in the light of a distinctive Scottish approach to economics. Scottish Enlightenment thought more widely is an established area of research interest. This volume offers new scholarship on key Enlightenment figures; but the emphasis is on the approach to economic thought which developed in that period and continued through to the twentieth century.
Smith and Hume may be key figures, but other less familiar authors are also of substantial interest as economic thinkers, and include a murderer, a revolutionary, a medical practitioner and a novelist (John Law, Sir James Stuart, John Rae and Shield Nicholson, respectively). Also included in the volume are discussions of Francis Hutchison, James Mill, J. R. McCullough, Thomas Chalmers and William Smart.
The nature of the advances made in this historical development is also highly relevant to modern methodological discussion in economics. The Scottish approach identifies principles of human nature from detailed observation and historical study, but as these principles are manifested in different ways in different contexts there is little scope for laws of economic behavior. The principles, together with a combination of inductive and deductive methods, help us to derive theory suited to particular contexts, with attention paid to the historical, political, social and moral aspects of each context.

Economic Methodology provides an accessible introduction to the subject-matter of and literature on the methodology of economics. It presents issues in economics in order to demonstrate the need for methodological awareness and debate. The core of the book then explains the content and development of thought in methodology in relation to issues in economics, with an especial emphasis on the most recent thinking in the area.